Friday, November 25, 2011

FDI – Reporting of Issue / Transfer of ‘Participating Interest/Right’ in Oil Fields to a Non-Resident as an FDI Transaction


RBI on November 16, 2011, had decided to treat the issue / transfer of ‘participating interest/ rights’ in oil fields to a non- resident as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) transaction under the extant FDI policy and the FEMA regulations. Accordingly, these transactions have to be reported as FDI transactions in terms of the provisions of Regulations 9 and 10 of the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer of Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 notified vide Notification No. FEMA 20/2000-RB dated May 3, 2000, as amended from time to time read with A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.63 dated April 22, 2009 as well as paragraph 9 of Schedule I to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer of Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 notified vide Notification No. FEMA 20/2000-RB dated May 3, 2000, as amended from time to time. Accordingly, transfer of ‘participating interest/ rights’ will be reported as ‘other’ category under Para 7 of revised Form FC-TRS as given in the Annex and issuance of ‘participating interest/ rights’ will be reported as ‘other’ category of instruments under Para 4 of Form FC-GPR.

Click here to view the Circular.

Click here, here, here, here, here to know more on FDI Policy

Infrastructure Debt Funds


In order to accelerate and enhance the flow of long term funds to infrastructure projects for undertaking the Government’s ambitious programme of infrastructure development, Union Finance Minister in his budget speech for 2011-12 had announced setting up of Infrastructure Debt Funds (IDFs). Accordingly, the Government has since come out with the broad structure of the proposed IDFs vide their press release dated June 24, 2011.
By virtue of Schedule 5 to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000, a SEBI registered Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) and a Non-Resident Indian (NRI) may invest in securities other than shares or convertible debentures, subject to such terms and conditions mentioned therein and limits as prescribed for the same by the Reserve Bank and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) from time to time.

AP (DIR Series) Circular No.8 dated August 9, 2011 and AP (DIR Series) Circular No.42 dated November 3, 2011 permits Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs as defined therein to mean non-resident investors, other than SEBI registered FIIs and SEBI registered FVCIs, who meet the KYC requirements of SEBI) are allowed to invest in units of domestic Mutual Funds.

RBI vide a circular dated November 22, 2011 has permitted investment on repatriation basis by eligible non-resident investors in (i) Rupee and Foreign currency denominated bonds issued by the Infrastructure Debt Funds (IDFs) set up as an Indian company and registered as Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) with the Reserve Bank of India and in (ii) Rupee denominated units issued by IDFs set up as SEBI registered domestic Mutual Funds(MFs), in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated by the SEBI and the Reserve Bank of India from time to time.

However these investments would be subject to certain terms and conditions as provided in the Circular.

Click here to view the Circular.

Banks as sponsors to Infrastructure Debt Funds

IDFs can be set up either as Mutual Funds (MFs) or as Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs). While IDF-MFs will be regulated by SEBI (SEBI has amended the Mutual Funds Regulations to provide regulatory framework for IDF-MFs by inserting Chapter VI-B to the MF Regulations), IDF-NBFCs will be regulated by Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The Reserve Bank had also issued a press release on September 23, 2011 which contained the broad parameters for banks and NBFCs to set up IDFs. Click here to view the detailed regulations relating to IDF-NBFCs.

RBI has notified that scheduled commercial banks would be allowed to act as sponsors to IDF-MFs and IDF-NBFCs with prior approval from RBI subject to inter alia the following conditions:

·         Banks may act as sponsors to IDF–MFs subject to adherence to SEBI regulations in this regard.

·         A bank acting as sponsor of IDF–NBFC shall contribute a minimum equity of 30 per cent and maximum equity of 49 per cent of the IDF-NBFC.

·         Investment by a bank in the equity of a single IDF – MF and NBFC should not exceed 10 per cent of the bank’s paid up share capital and reserves.

·         Investment in the equity of a bank in subsidiary companies, financial services companies, financial institutions, stock and other exchanges put together should not exceed 20 per cent of bank’s paid up share capital and reserves and this limit will also cover bank’s investments in IDFs as sponsors.

·         Banks’ exposures to IDFs - (MFs and NBFCs) by way of contribution to paid up capital as sponsors will form part of their capital market exposure and should be within the regulatory limits specified in this regard.

·         Banks should have clear Board laid down policies and limits for their overall infrastructure exposure which should include their exposures as sponsors to IDFs - (MFs and NBFCs).

·         The IDFs - (MFs and NBFCs) should make a disclosure in the prospectus / offer document at the time of inviting investments that the sponsoring bank's liability is limited to the extent of its contribution to the paid up capital.

Click here to view the notification. 

Wednesday, November 16, 2011

Foreign Direct Investment – Reporting of issue / transfer of ‘participating interest/right’ in oil fields to a non resident as an Foreign Direct Investment transaction


Earlier the transfer of equity shares / fully and mandatorily convertible debentures/ fully and mandatorily convertible preference shares of an Indian company, from a person resident outside India (non-resident) to a person resident in India or vice versa, had to be reported to an Authorized Dealer bank within 60 days of transactions. Further, the receipt of consideration for issue of shares as well as the issue of shares of an Indian company, to a non-resident had to be reported to the Reserve Bank of India through an Authorized Dealer bank within 30 days of the transaction (receipt of consideration for issue of shares to a non resident or issue of shares to the non-resident) an accordance with the Regulations 9 and 10 and para 9 of Schedule I to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer of Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 (Click here to view) and Circular on Foreign Direct Investment in India -Transfer of Shares / Preference Shares / Convertible Debentures by way of Sale - Modified Reporting Mechanism (Click here to view)

The Reserve Bank of India on 16th November 2011, vide a notification, has decided that to treat the issue / transfer of ‘participating interest/ rights’ in oil fields to a non- resident as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) transaction under the extant FDI policy and the FEMA regulations. Accordingly, these transactions have to be reported as FDI transactions in terms of the provisions of Regulations 9 and 10 of the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer of Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 notified vide Notification No. FEMA 20/2000-RB dated May 3, 2000, as amended from time to time read with A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.63 dated April 22, 2009 as well as paragraph 9 of Schedule I to the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer of Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 notified vide Notification No. FEMA 20/2000-RB dated May 3, 2000, as amended from time to time. Accordingly, transfer of ‘participating interest/ rights’ will be reported as ‘other’ category under Para 7 of revised Form FC-TRS as given in the Annex and issuance of ‘participating interest/ rights’ will be reported as ‘other’ category of instruments under Para 4 of Form FC-GPR.

Click here to view the notification.

Click here, here, here & here to know more about FDI Policy. 

Amendments to the Prohibition of Unfair Practices in Technical Educational Institutions, Medical Educational Institutions and Universities Bill, 2010



The unprecedented growth in higher education in recent years, of which the growth of higher professional education, especially technical and medical education has been mainly through private participation. The current national policy supported by several judicial pronouncements is against commercialization of higher education, though the policy encourages private “note for profit” participation with surplus revenues to be ploughed back for growth and development of institutions has led to the amendment to the Prohibition of Unfair Practices in Technical Educational Institutions, Medical Educational Institutions and Universities Bill, 2010.

The Union Cabinet on 16th November 2011 has approved the official amendment to the Prohibition of Unfair Practices in Technical Educational Institutions, Medical Educational Institutions and Universities Bill, 2010 based on the recommendations of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on HRD for consideration of the Parliament.

The press release issued in relation to the amendment says that the Bill aims to provide an institutional mechanism for preventing, prohibiting and punishing unfair practices in technical and medical educational institutions and universities. The object is to curtail the element of profiteering in some institutions which are presently beyond the scope of any such regulation. The institutions are also expected to mandatorily disclose information related to admission process by publication of its prospectus. This is expected to bring about public accountability of such institutions and act as a check on use of unfair practices being adopted vis-a-vis students.

The provisions of mandatory disclosure of information related to the admission process and holding the institution accountable in respect of compliance with such information is an innovation over the inspection based regulatory processes normally adopted. The student or any other stakeholder can move the tribunal as well as the competent criminal court of law in case the institutions attempts to adopt unfair practices and the burden of proof would be upon the institution.

The students would stand to benefit by enactment of a legislation to curb unfair practices in admission and other areas of higher educational institutions, who are exposed to the prevalence of distortions in the admission process leading to harassment and extortion of students for admission.

Prompt and effective deterrent action is constrained in the absence of any Central law prohibiting capitation fee and other unfair practices. While the current policy in higher education is to promote autonomy of institutions, adoption of unfair practices by misusing autonomy would be detrimental for the credibility of the higher education sector. It would be in public interest to balance autonomy of higher education institutions with measures to protect the interests of students and others accessing higher education.

Tuesday, November 8, 2011

Foreign Direct Investment – Transfer of Shares


According to Regulations 9 and 10 of the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer of Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 (Click here to view) prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India was required in case of transfer of shares from a Resident to a Non Resident where:

1.     the transfer does not conform to the pricing guidelines as stipulated by the Reserve Bank from time to time; or

2.   the transfer of shares requires the prior approval of the FIPB as per the extant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy; or

3.  the Indian company whose shares are being transferred is engaged in rendering any financial service; or

4.    the transfer falls under the purview of the provisions of SEBI (SAST) Regulations, require the prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India.

The transfer of shares from a Non Resident to a Resident which does not conform to the pricing guidelines as stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time also required the prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India.

As a measure to further liberalize and rationalize the procedures and policies governing FDI in India, the RBI vide a circular dated November 4th 2011, has decided to allow the following without the prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India :


Transfer of shares from a Non Resident to Resident under the FDI scheme where the pricing guidelines under FEMA, 1999 are not met provided that :-

(i) The original and resultant investment are in line with the extant FDI policy and FEMA regulations in terms of sectoral caps, conditionalities (such as minimum capitalization, etc.), reporting requirements, documentation, etc.;

(ii) The pricing for the transaction is compliant with the specific/explicit, extant and relevant SEBI regulations / guidelines (such as IPO, Book building, block deals, delisting, exit, open offer/ substantial acquisition / SEBI SAST, buy back); and

(iii) Chartered Accountants Certificate to the effect that compliance with the relevant SEBI regulations / guidelines as indicated above is attached to the form FC-TRS to be filed with the AD bank.


Transfer of shares from Resident to Non Resident :

(i)      where the transfer of shares requires the prior approval of the FIPB as per the extant FDI policy provided that :

o   the requisite approval of the FIPB has been obtained; and

o the transfer of share adheres with the pricing guidelines and documentation requirements as specified by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time.

(ii)    where SEBI (SAST) guidelines are attracted subject to the adherence with the pricing guidelines and documentation requirements as specified by Reserve Bank of India from time to time.

(iii)   where the pricing guidelines under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999 are not met provided that:-

o   The resultant FDI is in compliance with the extant FDI policy and FEMA regulations in terms of sectoral caps, conditionalities (such as minimum capitalization, etc.), reporting requirements, documentation etc.;

o   The pricing for the transaction is compliant with the specific/explicit, extant and relevant SEBI regulations / guidelines (such as IPO, Book building, block deals, delisting, exit, open offer/ substantial acquisition / SEBI SAST); and

o   Chartered Accountants Certificate to the effect that compliance with the relevant SEBI regulations / guidelines as indicated above is attached to the form FC-TRS to be filed with the AD bank.

(iv)  where the investee company is in the financial sector provided that :

o   NOCs are obtained from the respective financial sector regulators/ regulators of the investee company as well as transferor and transferee entities and such NOCs are filed along with the form FC-TRS with the AD bank; and

o   The FDI policy and FEMA regulations in terms of sectoral caps, conditionalities (such as minimum capitalization, etc.), reporting requirements, documentation etc., are complied with.


Click here to view the Circular.

Click here, here & here to know more about Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) norms

Period for Payment of Cheques Reduced from 6 months to 3 Months


The Reserve Bank of India vide a notification dated November 4th  2011, has  decided to reduce the period within which cheques/drafts/pay orders/banker’s cheques are presented for payment from six months to three months from the date of such instrument.

RBI has stated that such a decision is because some persons are taking undue advantage of the said practice of banks of making payment of cheques/drafts/pay orders/banker’s cheques presented within a period of six months from the date of the instrument as these instruments are being circulated in the market like cash for six months.

In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, Reserve Bank has directed all the Banks that with effect from April 1, 2012, banks should not make payment of cheques/drafts/pay orders/banker’s cheques bearing that date or any subsequent date, if they are presented beyond the period of three months from the date of such instrument.

Click here to view the Notification.

Foreign investment in India by SEBI registered FIIs in other securities


Earlier in a Circular dated April 29th  2011,(Click here to view) the limit for FII investment in non-convertible debentures / bonds issued by Indian companies in the infrastructure sector was enhanced from USD 5 billion to USD 25 billion. This was subject to the conditions that such instruments shall have a residual maturity of five years and above, the investments would have a lock-in-period of three years and ‘infrastructure’ would be as defined under the extant External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) policy.

Later through another circular dated August 9th 2009, (Click here to view) it was decided that Qualified Foreign Investors as defined therein (QFIs) were allowed to invest in units of Mutual Funds debt schemes upto a limit of USD three billion within the overall limit of USD 25 billion for FII investment in non-convertible debentures / bonds issued by Indian companies in the infrastructure sector.

RBI has vide a circular dated November 3rd 2011, had decided that:

1.     FIIs would also be allowed to invest in non-convertible debentures / bonds issued by Non-Banking Financial Companies categorized as ‘Infrastructure Finance Companies’(IFCs) by the Reserve Bank of India within the overall limit of USD 25 billion.
2.    The lock-in-period of three years for FII investment stands reduced to one year up to an amount of USD 5 billion within the overall limit of USD 25 billion. This lock-in-period shall be computed from the time of first purchase by FIIs.
3.   The residual maturity of five years and above stipulated would now onwards refer to the original maturity of the instrument at the time of first purchase by an FII.
4.   The above changes at (i) and (iii) above would also apply for QFI investment in units of Mutual Fund debt schemes within the limit of USD three billion.

Click here to view the Circular

Wednesday, November 2, 2011

Amendment to the FDI Policy


The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) has on 31st October 2011, issued Corrigendum to the Consolidated FDI Policy Circular (Circular 2 of 2011) deleting much discussed Para  3.3.2.1 from the semi-annual circular on foreign direct investment policy. The DIPP had on September 30, 2011 come out with the new FDI Policy effective from October 1, 2011.(Click here & here to know more)

This new  Para 3.3.2.1 stated that instruments with in-built option of any type would not qualify as an eligible instrument of FDI. This particular clause had generated a huge debate creating lot of uncertainty for exit of foreign investors and private equity players.

Para 3.3.2.1 stated as follows: “Only equity shares, fully, compulsorily and mandatorily convertible debentures and fully, compulsorily and mandatorily convertible preference shares, with no in-built options of any type, would qualify as eligible instruments for FDI. Equity instruments issued/transferred to non-residents having in-built options or supported by options sold by third parties would lose their equity character and such instruments would have to comply with the extant ECB guidelines.”

The PE investors had met officials of DIPP last week and received a positive nod regarding the removal of the clause. Indian Private Equity & Venture Capital Association (IVCA) said it would continue to follow up the matter with the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), finance ministry and the RBI. “After all, the insertion has been made primarily at the behest of the RBI,” said IVCA president Mahendra Swarup. Following IVCA’s meeting, officials of DEA also agreed that while a decision on this matter was under consideration, any insertion in the policy must only be prospective and not made in retrospective effect applicable to already valid transactions, according to PE investors who are involved in the discussion, as reported by Business Standard.

Click here to view Corrigendum to Circular 2 of 2011 - Consolidated FDI Policy